What Does 1 Kings 22:22 Mean in the King James?
And the LORD said unto him, Wherewith? And he said, I will go forth, and I will be a lying spirit in the mouth of all his prophets. And he said, Thou shalt persuade him, and prevail also: go forth, and do so.
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
The Hebrew calls the deceptive voice a ruach (רוּחַ), breath, and places it in every prophet’s mouth, making falsehood a breath carried by a chorus.
THE MEANING
A lying breath moves through every prophet’s mouth, and the LORD explicitly grants it permission to persuade and prevail. The verse names both the deception and the permission behind it, even as it says the deception succeeds. A voice can gather many mouths and sound prophetic while still being false.
WHAT THIS UNDOES
The belief that agreement or success proves a prophetic message true dissolves here: this false voice persuades and prevails.
THE ROOT
רוּחַ
ruach
GROWS FROM
רוח
Moving air: wind or breath; by extension, an animating spirit.
Ruach is one Hebrew word for wind, breath, and spirit. Here, ruach sheqer is in the prophets’ mouths, so the unseen deception is also pictured as breath becoming audible speech.
ALSO GROWS
ruach: Wind
רוּחַ
The word can name moving air as a force in the world, as well as an unseen spirit.
ruach: Breath
רוּחַ
The same word names air in the mouth, bringing the verse’s image of speech close to bodily breath.
תְּפַתֶּה
tepatteh
GROWS FROM
פתה
To entice or persuade; across its range, to be open or simple and susceptible to influence.
The verb translated persuade shares its root with words for being enticed or deceived. The verse’s persuasion is not neutral agreement: it is a drawing-in that can carry someone into falsehood.
ALSO GROWS
yefutteh: Be enticed or deceived
יְפֻתֶּה
Ezekiel uses this form for a prophet who is deceived, showing the same root from the receiving side of persuasion.
pethî: Simple or inexperienced
פֶּתִי
This branch carries the sense of being open to influence, illuminating how persuasion can draw a person into a voice.
שֶׁקֶר
sheqer
GROWS FROM
שקר
Falsehood or acting falsely.
“lying” in this verse is sheqer. Sheqer names the quality of the breath by what it does: it deals falsely. With all the prophets’ mouths involved, the lie is presented as a shared voice, not a stray mistake.
ALSO GROWS
shāqar: To lie or deal falsely
שָׁקַר
The verb shows falsehood as an action, making the breath in this verse an active deception.
sheqarim: Lies or falsehoods
שִׁקְרִים
The plural form shows how falsehood can multiply into many claims and voices.
THE PATTERN
A deceptive voice can wear prophetic authority, spread through many mouths, and still be named as deception.
Thus saith the LORD of hosts, Hearken not unto the words of the prophets that prophesy unto you: they make you vain: they speak a vision of their own heart, and not out of the mouth of the LORD.And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie:Beloved, believe not every spirit, but try the spirits whether they are of God: because many false prophets are gone out into the world.THE THREAD
And if the prophet be deceived when he hath spoken a thing, I the LORD have deceived that prophet, and I will stretch out my hand upon him, and will destroy him from the midst of my people Israel.The verb translated persuade here and deceived in Ezekiel comes from פתה (pātâ), to entice or persuade, and to be drawn in. Ezekiel names the same unsettling connection between a prophet’s deception and the LORD’s agency.
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