What Does 1 Samuel 11:1 Mean in the King James?
Then Nahash the Ammonite came up, and encamped against Jabesh-gilead: and all the men of Jabesh said unto Nahash, Make a covenant with us, and we will serve thee.
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
In Hebrew, the men ask to “cut” a covenant, then pledge their service, so the offered safety already carries the shape of surrender.
THE MEANING
Under threat, a community seeks a covenant and pledges service; the verse lays survival and subordination beside one another. The bargain remains legible wherever security is sought from the power doing the surrounding.
WHAT THIS UNDOES
A covenant is not automatically mutual just because both sides name an agreement; under siege, one party’s promise can be the price of staying alive.
THE ROOT
כְּרָת־לָנוּ בְּרִית
kerat-lanu berit
GROWS FROM
כרת
K-R-T
To cut, sever, or cut off.
“make a covenant” in this verse is kerat-lanu berit. English “make” sounds like a neutral act of forming, but the Hebrew asks for a covenant by saying “cut a covenant.” That wording gives the bargain a binding edge, especially beside the immediate promise of service.
ALSO GROWS
karat berit: A Hebrew expression for making a covenant, literally “cut a covenant.”
כרת ברית
The men ask for a pact using the language of cutting; agreement carries an enacted, binding edge.
karat: The same verb can describe cutting or severing, including being cut off.
כרת
The root can name both a binding act and a severance, giving the requested security more weight than a casual promise.
וְנַעַבְדֶךָּ
vena'avdekha
GROWS FROM
עבד
ʿ-B-D
To work or serve.
“serve” in this verse is vena'avdekha. The pledge is not merely political affiliation: עבד (avad) can name service and labor, and its branches include both the servant and the work itself. Here survival is offered beside a promise of ongoing service.
ALSO GROWS
eved: A servant or worker; in some contexts, a bondservant.
עֶבֶד
The people’s pledge places them in a relationship that can make them servants of the one they address.
avodah: Labor or service performed for another.
עֲבֹדָה
This branch keeps the labor inside the English word “serve,” making the cost of the pledge more concrete.
נָחָשׁ
nāḥāš
GROWS FROM
נחש
N-Ḥ-Š
Serpent; the same consonants also occur in a verb for divining.
The name Nahash means “serpent.” The same consonants form נָחַשׁ (nāḥaš), “to practice divination”; the verse does not explain the name’s derivation, but its sound-shape also carries that association.
ALSO GROWS
nāḥāš: A serpent or snake; the meaning carried by the name Nahash.
נָחָשׁ
The name itself gives the encircling threat a nature beyond a label.
nāḥaš: To seek or interpret omens.
נָחַשׁ
The shared consonants add an echo of hidden signs to the name, while leaving its derivation uncertain.
THE PATTERN
When people seek life by yielding themselves, the terms of security can bind them to another’s service.
And they said, Thou hast saved our lives: let us find grace in the sight of my lord, and we will be Pharaoh’s servants.And Joshua made peace with them, and made a league with them, to let them live: and the princes of the congregation sware unto them.Know ye not, that to whom ye yield yourselves servants to obey, his servants ye are to whom ye obey; whether of sin unto death, or of obedience unto righteousness?THE THREAD
And they said, Thou hast saved our lives: let us find grace in the sight of my lord, and we will be Pharaoh’s servants.Hebrew עבד (avad, to serve or work) is the seed behind both “serve” here and “servants” there. Genesis makes the exchange explicit: the people say their lives are preserved, then offer themselves as Pharaoh’s servants; that same root gives the pledge here its laboring, dependent edge.
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