What Does 1 Samuel 20:31 Mean in the King James?
For as long as the son of Jesse liveth upon the ground, thou shalt not be established, nor thy kingdom. Wherefore now send and fetch him unto me, for he shall surely die.
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
The word “established” names a firmness Saul tries to secure by making David disappear.
THE MEANING
Here, another person’s continued life is treated as a barrier to one’s own security. The voice moves from the fear that a kingdom cannot stand to the command to seize David, then states the intended outcome plainly: death. The verse exposes the moment insecurity becomes a death sentence.
WHAT THIS UNDOES
It undoes the belief that another person’s death can secure your future: the same root later describes the kingdom established through David’s house.
THE ROOT
תִּכּוֹן
tikkon
GROWS FROM
כון
To be firm, set in place, or establish.
“established” in this verse is tikkon. The verb names being made firm or set in place, more than simply holding office. Saul imagines David’s life blocks that firmness, but ordering David’s death cannot itself guarantee it.
ALSO GROWS
nakhon: Firm, ready, prepared.
נָכוֹן
This branch links being established with being made steady and ready.
makhon: A fixed place, dwelling, or base.
מָכוֹן
A stable place is one set in position, giving “established” a sense of settled footing.
שְׁלַח
shelach
GROWS FROM
שלח
To send out or dispatch; in some contexts, to let go or release.
“send” in this verse is shelach. Saul’s command pairs sending with taking: he dispatches someone to bring David within reach. The root’s range includes sending and release, but here sending serves recapture and a death threat.
ALSO GROWS
mishloach: A sending, dispatch, or act of sending.
מִשְׁלוֹחַ
It shows the root can name the act of sending itself, as Saul’s command does.
Shiloach: The name of the sent waters or water channel.
שִׁלֹחַ
The name preserves the image of something sent forth, while Saul’s sending is aimed at bringing David back to him.
בֶּן־מָוֶת
ben-mavet
GROWS FROM
מות
To die; death.
“shall surely die” in this verse is ben-mavet. The Hebrew phrase calls David a “son of death,” rather than simply describing a future event. The English future conveys certainty; the Hebrew idiom makes Saul’s deadly intent sound like a verdict already laid upon David.
ALSO GROWS
môt: To die.
מוֹת
The verb names the act that Saul intends, rather than an impersonal fate.
māvet: Death.
מָוֶת
This noun appears in the phrase “son of death,” placing death at the center of Saul’s judgment.
THE PATTERN
Possessive power treats another life as an obstacle to its own security.
And it came to pass, when Jezebel heard that Naboth was stoned, and was dead, that Jezebel said to Ahab, Arise, take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, which he refused to give thee for money: for Naboth is not alive, but dead.Then Herod, when he saw that he was mocked of the wise men, was exceeding wroth, and sent forth, and slew all the children that were in Bethlehem, and in all the coasts thereof, from two years old and under, according to the time which he had diligently enquired of the wise men.THE THREAD
And thine house and thy kingdom shall be established for ever before thee: thy throne shall be established for ever.The final clause uses the same Hebrew root behind “established” here for David’s throne. Saul treats David’s life as a barrier to a kingdom’s stability; this promise joins that stability to David’s house.
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