What Does 1 Samuel 7:11 Mean in the King James?
And the men of Israel went out of Mizpeh, and pursued the Philistines, and smote them, until they came under Beth-car.
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
Pursuit is not fixed to one side: the people under threat become the ones driving their attackers back.
THE MEANING
The verse speaks now through a sharp change in direction: the people who fear an advancing threat come out, pursue, and strike the Philistines as far as Beth-car. The blows remain physical and violent; the reversal does not make them metaphorical. What had been advancing now retreats.
WHAT THIS UNDOES
It undoes the belief that whoever advances first controls the direction to the end.
THE ROOT
רָדַף
radaph
GROWS FROM
רדף
pursue, chase
“pursued” in this verse is radaph. This root can name either side of a pursuit: in Exodus 14:23 the Egyptians pursue Israel, while here Israel pursues the Philistines. The word stays the same as the direction of pursuit changes.
ALSO GROWS
rodeph: pursuer
רֹדֵף
It names the one doing the chasing, a role Israel takes in this verse.
nirdaf: one pursued
נִרְדָּף
It names the other side of the same action, showing that pursuer and pursued are roles that can change.
מִצְפָּה
Mitspeh
GROWS FROM
צפה
look out, watch
Mizpeh carries the sense of a lookout. The scene moves from Israel going out from a place of watching into pursuit.
ALSO GROWS
tsaphah: look, watch
צָפָה
This verb gives the place-name its lookout sense.
tsopheh: watcher, lookout
צֹפֶה
It makes the watchfulness carried in Mizpeh’s name visible in the scene.
נָכָה
nakah
GROWS FROM
נכה
strike, hit
“smote” in this verse is nakah. This root keeps the force of the encounter bodily: Israel strikes the Philistines. Its related noun for a blow can also name a plague, carrying the impact of striking into other contexts.
ALSO GROWS
wayyakum: they struck them
וַיַּכּוּם
This is the form used in the verse, preserving the physical force of the action.
makkah: blow, plague
מַכָּה
The noun shows how the same root can name the impact as well as the act of striking.
THE PATTERN
When an advancing threat is broken, the direction of force can reverse: attackers flee and those under pressure press after them.
The LORD shall cause thine enemies that rise up against thee to be smitten before thy face: they shall come out against thee one way, and flee before thee seven ways.I have pursued mine enemies, and overtaken them: neither did I turn again till they were consumed.Quenched the violence of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, out of weakness were made strong, waxed valiant in fight, turned to flight the armies of the aliens.THE THREAD
And the Egyptians pursued, and went in after them to the midst of the sea, even all Pharaoh’s horses, his chariots, and his horsemen.The same root רָדַף (radaph, pursue or chase) describes the Egyptians pursuing Israel here and Israel pursuing the Philistines in 1 Samuel 7:11. The verb stays the same while the people doing the pursuing, and the direction of the threat, change.
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