What Does 2 Samuel 13:28 Mean in the King James?
Now Absalom had commanded his servants, saying, Mark ye now when Amnon’s heart is merry with wine, and when I say unto you, Smite Amnon; then kill him, fear not: have not I commanded you? be courageous, and be valiant.
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
Absalom’s name, אַבְשָׁלוֹם (Avshalom, “father of wholeness”), stands over a killing organized as a timed command.
THE MEANING
The name אַבְשָׁלוֹם (Avshalom, “father of wholeness”) sits beside a plan to kill, and the fracture between name and act is visible now. The killing is delegated and timed: wine becomes its signal, repeated orders secure obedience, and fear is treated as the final restraint to remove.
WHAT THIS UNDOES
Violence only comes from uncontrolled fury. This verse exposes its other shape: calculated timing, delegated action, and commands that suppress fear.
THE ROOT
וַיְצַו
wayetsav
GROWS FROM
צוה
tsavah
To command, charge, or appoint.
The plan opens with וַיְצַו (wayetsav, “he commanded”) and is reinforced with צִוִּיתִי (tzivviti, “I commanded”). Repeating this root makes the killing an issued and reaffirmed order; “fear not” and “be valiant” prepare the servants to carry it out.
ALSO GROWS
tsav: Command or precept.
צַו
This compact command form echoes the direct orders that organize the plan.
mitzvah: Commandment or instruction.
מִצְוָה
The same root can name an instruction as an obligation; here its force is directed toward murder.
הַכּוּ
hakku
GROWS FROM
נכה
nakah
To strike, hit, or inflict a blow.
“Smite” in this verse is hakku. The order separates the blow from the killing that follows it: first strike, then kill. The root keeps the physical violence plain, while its related forms show the blow as both an act and its consequence.
ALSO GROWS
makkah: A blow or plague.
מַכָּה
The noun for a blow grows from the same root as the command to strike Amnon.
makkeh: One who strikes.
מַכֵּה
This form names the agent performing the action, making the servants’ assigned role explicit.
לִבְנֵי־חָיִל
livnei chayil
GROWS FROM
חיל
ḥ-y-l
Strength, capacity, force, or valor; by context, military force or wealth.
The phrase בְּנֵי־חָיִל (benei chayil, “sons of valor/force”) places the killing in a register of mobilized capacity. Elsewhere the same word names an army, so “valiant” carries an echo of organized force as well as personal courage.
ALSO GROWS
anshei chayil: People of strength or capacity.
אַנְשֵׁי חַיִל
Exodus 18:21 uses this phrase for capable people, showing the word can describe human ability.
cheilo: His army or force.
חֵילוֹ
Exodus 14:9 uses the same root for Pharaoh’s army, linking valor with organized military force.
THE PATTERN
Violence becomes executable when intention is converted into speech that recruits, coordinates, or authorizes action.
If they say, Come with us, let us lay wait for blood, let us lurk privily for the innocent without cause:And set two men, sons of Belial, before him, to bear witness against him, saying, Thou didst blaspheme God and the king. And then carry him out, and stone him, that he may die.And consulted that they might take Jesus by subtilty, and kill him.THE THREAD
And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat:Genesis 2:16 uses the same root, צוה (tsavah, “to command”), as Absalom’s repeated order. There, the command opens permission within a boundary; here, it authorizes a killing, so the shared root makes the force of command visible through what it sets in motion.
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