What Does 2 Samuel 2:31 Mean in the King James?
But the servants of David had smitten of Benjamin, and of Abner’s men, so that three hundred and threescore men died.
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
David’s name carries belovedness, but the verse measures his servants’ strike by 360 deaths.
THE MEANING
The verse names the cost of allegiance without leaving it abstract: David’s servants strike men of Benjamin and Abner, and 360 die. The number makes the lives ended impossible to hide inside the clash.
THE ROOT
הִכּוּ
hikkû
GROWS FROM
נכה
to strike, smite
“smitten” in this verse is hikkû. The verb’s root also forms the word for a blow or plague, keeping the wound connected to the strike. With 360 men dead, the verse lets the consequence remain visible rather than compressing it into a neutral report of battle.
ALSO GROWS
makkāh: blow, wound, plague
מַכָּה
This branch carries the strike into the injury it leaves, echoing the deaths counted here.
makkēh: one who strikes
מַכֵּה
This form makes the agent of the blow visible, as the verse names David’s servants as the ones who strike.
עֲבָדֵי
ʿăvādê
GROWS FROM
עבד
to work, serve
The word for servants shares its root with words for service and work, so these men are named by their relation to David’s household. Here that service stands beside lethal force and its counted cost.
ALSO GROWS
ʿeḇeḏ: servant
עֶבֶד
This is the singular form behind the verse’s servants, naming their role in the action.
ʿăḇōḏāh: service, work
עֲבֹדָה
This branch shows the wider root’s sense of labor, placing the servants’ violence within the work done for David.
דָּוִד
Dāwîḏ
GROWS FROM
דוד
beloved, dear one
David’s name carries the sense of beloved, placing that nature beside the deadly action of his servants. The name does not erase the cost the verse counts.
ALSO GROWS
dōd: beloved, dear one
דּוֹד
This is the shared sound-root that carries the beloved sense in David’s name.
dōdîm: loves, endearments
דּוֹדִים
This related form keeps the language of belovedness close to the name borne by the king whose servants act here.
THE PATTERN
Violence makes its outcome countable in the dead, while the sword’s continuation promises only more loss.
Then Abner called to Joab, and said, Shall the sword devour for ever? knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the latter end? how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from following their brethren?And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to pass, when they were in the field, that Cain rose up against Abel his brother, and slew him.Then said Jesus unto him, Put up again thy sword into his place: for all they that take the sword shall perish with the sword.THE THREAD
Then Abner called to Joab, and said, Shall the sword devour for ever? knowest thou not that it will be bitterness in the latter end? how long shall it be then, ere thou bid the people return from following their brethren?Abner names the sword as devouring and places bitterness at the end of its path. His question opens the count of 360 deaths as evidence of a conflict still capable of consuming brothers.
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