What Does Deuteronomy 21:12 Mean in the King James?
Then thou shalt bring her home to thine house; and she shall shave her head, and pare her nails;
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
The verse joins a captive woman’s entry into a man’s house to visible changes on her body, making the household threshold an imposed bodily transition.
THE MEANING
This verse holds a house and captivity in the same scene: she is brought into the man’s home, and her body is changed as she enters that new condition. The transition is concrete and imposed; the verse does not describe it as mutual or gentle.
WHAT THIS UNDOES
A woman entering a man’s home is not thereby entering freely or safely: the surrounding verses name her capture, while this verse orders bodily changes.
THE ROOT
וְגִלְּחָה
wəgilləḥāh
GROWS FROM
גלח
To shave or make bald; to remove hair.
“shave” in this verse is wəgilləḥāh. The root keeps the removal itself in view: this is a bodily change marking her passage into a new condition. The same root appears in passages about cleansing and vows, where shaving also marks a threshold, though those settings do not make this woman’s imposed change voluntary.
ALSO GROWS
gilluach: Shaving; the act of shaving.
גִּלּוּחַ
This noun names the removal as an action in its own right, making the bodily change central to the verse’s transition.
megallēaḥ: One who shaves; a shaver.
מְגַלֵּחַ
This form names the person performing the same root action, keeping visible that the shaving is done to her.
וְעָשְׂתָה
wəʿāśətāh
GROWS FROM
עשה
To do or make.
The verb’s basic sense is do or make, while the KJV renders the phrase as “pare her nails.” Other forms in this root name deeds and a doer, linking this bodily action to the wider language of doing without determining from the root alone exactly how the nails are altered.
ALSO GROWS
maʿăśeh: Deed, work, or act.
מַעֲשֶׂה
This noun shows the broad field of action that shares the root of the specific bodily verb in the verse.
ʿōśeh: One who does or makes.
עֹשֶׂה
This participle carries the same basic doing or making sense found beneath the verse’s specific action.
THE PATTERN
Hair removal can mark a bodily threshold, while its meaning and agency depend on the passage.
But it shall be on the seventh day, that he shall shave all his hair off his head and his beard and his eyebrows, even all his hair he shall shave off: and he shall wash his clothes, also he shall wash his flesh in water, and he shall be clean.And the Nazarite shall shave the head of his separation at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall take the hair of the head of his separation, and put it in the fire which is under the sacrifice of the peace offerings.And Paul after this tarried there yet a good while, and then took his leave of the brethren, and sailed thence into Syria, and with him Priscilla and Aquila; having shorn his head in Cenchrea: for he had a vow.THE THREAD
But it shall be on the seventh day, that he shall shave all his hair off his head and his beard and his eyebrows, even all his hair he shall shave off: and he shall wash his clothes, also he shall wash his flesh in water, and he shall be clean.The Hebrew word for “shave” in both verses grows from גלח (g-l-ḥ), meaning to shave or make bald. In Leviticus the act marks cleansing; here it marks a captive woman’s imposed transition, so the shared root reveals the bodily threshold without erasing the difference in agency.
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