What Does Ecclesiastes 6:3 Mean in the King James?
If a man beget an hundred children, and live many years, so that the days of his years be many, and his soul be not filled with good, and also that he have no burial; I say, that an untimely birth is better than he.
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
Years and descendants can multiply without feeding the living self; here, fullness means actually being satisfied by good.
THE MEANING
A hundred children and many years can coexist with a living self that remains unsatisfied by good. The comparison is severe: the verse says a stillbirth is better than the unburied man whose life remains unfilled. Longevity and lineage do not equal fullness.
WHAT THIS UNDOES
The lie that a long life and many descendants guarantee a fulfilled life.
THE ROOT
תִּשְׂבַּע
tiśbaʿ
GROWS FROM
שׂבע
ś-b-ʿ
To be sated, satisfied, to have enough.
“filled” in this verse is tiśbaʿ. This root pictures fullness as having received enough, not simply as having lasted a long time. The living self can remain hungry for good even amid many years and descendants.
ALSO GROWS
śōvaʿ: Satiety; satisfaction.
שֹׂבַע
The same root names the fullness this man never reaches.
śāvēaʿ: Sated; having enough.
שָׂבֵעַ
It describes a state of sufficiency, showing why long years alone cannot prove that life is full.
וְנַפְשׁוֹ
ve-nafsho
GROWS FROM
נפש
n-p-sh
The living self; the related verb carries the sense of taking respite or being refreshed.
“soul” in this verse is ve-nafsho. Nefesh names the living self with its desires and appetite, not an abstract part detached from life. The verse’s problem is that this living self remains unsatisfied by good.
ALSO GROWS
nephesh: Living soul; living self.
נֶפֶשׁ
Here it is the person whose life remains unfilled despite its length and offspring.
nāphash: To take respite; to be refreshed.
נָפַשׁ
The related verb evokes relief or restoration, sharpening the contrast with a self that never reaches satisfaction.
הַנָּפֶל
han-nefel
GROWS FROM
נפל
n-p-l
To fall, drop.
Nefel belongs to the same word family as nāphal, “to fall.” The comparison stays stark: the verse calls this fallen, untimely birth better than a man whose years and descendants coexist with an unsatisfied living self.
ALSO GROWS
nāphal: To fall; to drop.
נָפַל
This is the verb at the root of nefel’s fallen image.
mappālāh: Downfall; collapse.
מַפָּלָה
The related word carries falling into ruin, preserving the severe force of the comparison.
THE PATTERN
Years and abundance do not themselves satisfy the living self; outward gain can coexist with an absence of good.
Yea, though he live a thousand years twice told, yet hath he seen no good: do not all go to one place?Who satisfieth thy mouth with good things; so that thy youth is renewed like the eagle’s.For what shall it profit a man, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?THE THREAD
O satisfy us early with thy mercy; that we may rejoice and be glad all our days.The Hebrew verb translated “satisfy” shares the root שׂבע (ś-b-ʿ), “be sated,” with “be filled” in Ecclesiastes 6:3. Psalm 90 names faithful love as the good that can satisfy the days, while Ecclesiastes shows that many days alone may remain empty.
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