What Does Genesis 42:8 Mean in the King James?
And Joseph knew his brethren, but they knew not him.
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
The Hebrew root beneath “knew” also carries the sense of “strange”: Joseph recognizes his kin while remaining a stranger to them.
THE MEANING
You can look directly at someone and still fail to perceive who stands before you; seeing does not guarantee recognition. A bond can be present on one side while the other experiences only distance and strangeness.
WHAT THIS UNDOES
This undoes the assumption that seeing someone, or sharing a history with them, means you truly recognize them.
THE ROOT
וַיַּכֵּר
wayyakker
GROWS FROM
נכר
n-k-r
Related forms of this root express recognizing or distinguishing someone, and what is strange or foreign.
“knew / recognized” in this verse is wayyakker. In the verse just before this one, forms of נכר describe Joseph recognizing his brothers and making himself seem strange to them. English gives those actions different words, while Hebrew holds them in one root: recognition marks someone as distinct, and concealment makes that same person seem foreign.
ALSO GROWS
hikkir: recognize, identify
הִכִּיר
This is the recognition form used here: Joseph identifies his brothers, though they do not identify him.
wayyitnaker: he made himself strange to them; acted like a stranger
וַיִּתְנַכֵּר
In Genesis 42:7, this form shares the root with “recognized,” showing how recognition and seeming foreign can meet in the same encounter.
nokhri: foreigner, stranger
נָכְרִי
This related form names the stranger, the identity Joseph’s brothers perceive in the person standing before them.
THE PATTERN
A person can be fully present while their identity remains unrecognized.
And when they lifted up their eyes afar off, and knew him not, they lifted up their voice, and wept; and they rent every one his mantle, and sprinkled dust upon their heads toward heaven.He was in the world, and the world was made by him, and the world knew him not.But their eyes were holden that they should not know him.THE THREAD
And Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew them, but made himself strange unto them, and spake roughly unto them; and he said unto them, Whence come ye? And they said, From the land of Canaan to buy food.One verse earlier, “knew” and “made himself strange” both draw on נכר (n-k-r), the root that holds recognition and strangeness together. Joseph recognizes his brothers while presenting himself to them as a stranger, the root already contains the verse’s hidden asymmetry.
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