What Does Job 18:18 Mean in the King James?
He shall be driven from light into darkness, and chased out of the world.
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
Darkness is not the final loss here; the final loss is being driven beyond the world that could still hold you.
THE MEANING
This verse speaks now as an image of total exclusion: a person is forced out of light, into darkness, and then out of the inhabited world. The loss accumulates, first illumination, then belonging and place.
THE ROOT
יְנִדְּחוּהוּ
yeniddəḥûhû
GROWS FROM
נדח
To thrust away, drive out, or banish.
“chased out” in this verse is yeniddəḥûhû. The root centers forceful displacement, not simply pursuit. A related form names the outcast, so the verb and the person left behind belong to one word-family: the verse describes someone being removed from their place.
ALSO GROWS
niddəḥê: Outcasts or those driven away.
נִדְּחֵי
The word for the people left outside shares the root of the force that drives this person out.
niddāḥăkha: You are driven out.
נִדַּחֲךָ
Deuteronomy 30:4 uses this form for someone driven to the farthest edge, linking expulsion with the possibility of being gathered.
חֹשֶׁךְ
ḥōshekh
GROWS FROM
חשך
Darkness; the same consonants also form a verb meaning to withhold or hold back.
This consonantal family names both darkness and withholding, as when Abraham has not “withheld” his son (Genesis 22:12). That echo gives the darkness here another texture: illumination is withheld, so expulsion also becomes deprivation of what lets a person see.
ALSO GROWS
ḥōshekh: Darkness.
חֹשֶׁךְ
This is the darkness into which the person is driven.
ḥāśakhtā: You withheld.
חָשַׂכְתָּ
This verb shares the consonants of darkness and adds the echo of something held back or inaccessible.
אוֹר
ʾōr
GROWS FROM
אור
Light; to shine or become light.
The root names light and forms words for a luminary and for brightness. Being driven from light therefore sounds like being severed from the whole field in which things can be illuminated.
ALSO GROWS
māʾōr: Luminary or light-bearer.
מָאוֹר
A light-bearer belongs to the same word-family, extending the idea of light beyond the brightness itself.
ʾōrāh: Light or brightness.
אוֹרָה
This related form echoes the illumination from which the person is driven.
THE PATTERN
Scripture pictures exclusion as a forced passage out of light and into darkness, until a person loses their place in the shared world.
And they shall look unto the earth; and behold trouble and darkness, dimness of anguish; and they shall be driven to darkness.But the children of the kingdom shall be cast out into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.THE THREAD
If any of thine be driven out unto the outmost parts of heaven, from thence will the LORD thy God gather thee, and from thence will he fetch thee:Deuteronomy uses the same root נדח (nadach), meaning to thrust away or banish, for someone driven to the farthest edge, then says the LORD gathers that person from there. The shared root holds expulsion and gathering together: even the one thrust far away remains within reach of being gathered.
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