What Does Job 31:38 Mean in the King James?
If my land cry against me, or that the furrows likewise thereof complain;
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
The land is not silent possession here: its furrows are witnesses that can cry against the one who holds them.
THE MEANING
The ground beneath a person’s work and ownership is not morally mute; its condition can testify against its possessor. The furrows’ weeping gives that testimony grief as well as accusation. What is cultivated can reveal what has been done to it.
WHAT THIS UNDOES
The verse undoes the belief that land is inert property and only human voices can bear witness: here, the ground and its furrows speak against their possessor.
THE ROOT
תִזְעָק
tizʿaq
GROWS FROM
זעק
To cry out or raise an urgent call.
The word gives the land a voice that can testify against its possessor. The same root also forms a noun for an outcry, connecting the field’s cry with the language of public protest.
ALSO GROWS
zaʿaq: Cry out; call urgently.
זָעַק
This verbal form makes the land’s protest an act of calling out, not a silent condition.
zeʿaqah: Outcry; urgent cry.
זְעָקָה
The related noun shows how the land’s cry belongs to a wider word-family of testimony raised for others to hear.
אֲדָמָה
adamah
GROWS FROM
אדם
Ground or soil, linked in Hebrew wordplay with the human formed from it.
The land’s word-family also names the human: adam is the ground-being, formed from adamah. The verse places possessor and soil in a relationship where the ground can answer back.
ALSO GROWS
adam: Human; the ground-being.
אָדָם
The shared word-family links the person who holds the land to the soil from which humanity is formed.
adom: Red.
אָדֹם
This related form evokes the reddish earth and keeps the human, the ground, and the soil’s material nature close together.
יִבְכָיוּ
yivkayu
GROWS FROM
בכה
To weep.
“complain” in this verse is yivkayu. The furrows’ complaint also carries the image of weeping, giving the land’s testimony a grief-filled quality. English preserves the protest, while the Hebrew verb also lets the furrows mourn.
ALSO GROWS
bakah: Weep; lament.
בָּכָה
The verb names the grief carried by the furrows’ protest.
bekhi: Weeping; lamentation.
בְּכִי
This related noun shows weeping as an expressed condition, deepening the image of furrows that bear witness through grief.
THE PATTERN
What is unjustly used does not stay silent: creation, built things, and labor become witnesses.
And he said, What hast thou done? the voice of thy brother’s blood crieth unto me from the ground.For the stone shall cry out of the wall, and the beam out of the timber shall answer it.Behold, the hire of the labourers who have reaped down your fields, which is of you kept back by fraud, crieth: and the cries of them which have reaped are entered into the ears of the Lord of sabaoth.THE THREAD
For the stone shall cry out of the wall, and the beam out of the timber shall answer it.Job’s land and Habakkuk’s stone use the same Hebrew root, זעק (zaʿaq, cry out). The furrows and the wall become voices through which the material world testifies.
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