What Does Joshua 9:21 Mean in the King James?
And the princes said unto them, Let them live; but let them be hewers of wood and drawers of water unto all the congregation; as the princes had promised them.
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
Here, being allowed to live means being bound to provide what the whole congregation needs.
THE MEANING
The verse holds a distinction that remains immediate: being kept alive does not mean being free. The Gibeonites’ survival is joined to labor that serves the whole congregation.
WHAT THIS UNDOES
A grant of survival necessarily includes freedom from another’s claim on your labor.
THE ROOT
יִחְיוּ
yichyu
GROWS FROM
חיה
ḥ-y-h
to live, remain alive
“live” in this verse is yichyu. The sentence begins by preserving life, then gives that life a condition: assigned labor. The root names continued living; it does not itself name freedom.
ALSO GROWS
ḥay: living, alive
חַי
This branch holds the basic condition granted to them: being alive.
ḥayyim: life
חַיִּים
The same root family names life itself, while the verse shows that life can continue under a constraint.
חֹטְבֵי
chotvei
GROWS FROM
חטב
ḥ-ṭ-b
to cut or hew wood
“hewers” in this verse is chotvei. The task is an ongoing act that supplies the congregation’s needs. Joshua 9:23 repeats this root when it names their bondservice, making the work part of their imposed status.
ALSO GROWS
ḥāṭab: to hew or cut wood
חָטַב
This is the action assigned to them.
ḥōṭēv: a woodcutter, one who cuts wood
חֹטֵב
This form names a person by the labor that defines their role.
שֹׁאֲבֵי
sho'avei
GROWS FROM
שאב
š-ʾ-b
to draw out, especially water
“drawers” in this verse is sho'avei. Their service reaches another necessity: they draw water for the whole congregation. Paired with cutting wood, the two verbs make essential labor the terms attached to their survival.
ALSO GROWS
šāʾab: to draw water
שָׁאַב
This is the act assigned to them.
šōʾēv: one who draws water
שֹׁאֵב
This form makes the assigned task into a defining role.
THE PATTERN
Communities reveal their power structure in who is assigned essential labor and who commands that labor.
Your little ones, your wives, and thy stranger that is in thy camp, from the hewer of thy wood unto the drawer of thy water:And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.Their children that were left after them in the land, whom the children of Israel also were not able utterly to destroy, upon those did Solomon levy a tribute of bondservice unto this day.THE THREAD
Now therefore ye are cursed, and there shall none of you be freed from being bondmen, and hewers of wood and drawers of water for the house of my God.Joshua 9:23 spells out the cost compressed here: the Gibeonites are not merely assigned tasks; none is freed from bondservice. It repeats חטב (ḥ-ṭ-b, hew) and שאב (š-ʾ-b, draw out), carrying the same labor terms into an explicit bond.
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