What Does Numbers 28:18 Mean in the King James?
In the first day shall be an holy convocation; ye shall do no manner of servile work therein:
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
The day is set apart by a people being called together while ordinary work is suspended.
THE MEANING
This day is a gathering, and ordinary labor stops within it. Sacred time takes a communal shape: people are called together as their usual work gives way.
WHAT THIS UNDOES
It undoes the belief that a day has value only through what you produce: here, the day is marked by gathering and the suspension of ordinary labor.
THE ROOT
מִקְרָא
miqra
GROWS FROM
קרא
Call, summon, proclaim; by extension, read aloud.
The word translated “convocation” is miqra, from the same root used for calling and reading aloud. English makes it sound like a formal event; Hebrew keeps the gathering connected to the act of being called.
ALSO GROWS
qara: to call, summon, or proclaim
קָרָא
This verb shares the seed beneath miqra: the gathering is named through the act of calling.
qore: one who calls or reads
קוֹרֵא
The caller and the assembly belong to the same word family.
qeri'ah: a calling or reading
קְרִיאָה
The word family holds spoken calling and public reading together.
מְלֶאכֶת עֲבוֹדָה
mele'khet avodah
GROWS FROM
עבד
Serve or work.
The phrase translated “servile work” is mele’khet avodah, literally work of service; avodah shares its root with the verb avad, to serve, and eved, servant. The verse suspends the usual service and labor so that gathering defines the day.
ALSO GROWS
avad: to serve or work
עָבַד
The verb shows the action contained in the word for service and labor.
eved: servant
עֶבֶד
The same root links labor with the person who serves.
avodah: service or labor
עֲבוֹדָה
This is the word used in the verse’s phrase for work.
קֹדֶשׁ
qodesh
GROWS FROM
קדש
Set apart; consecrate.
“holy” in this verse is qodesh. Qodesh names set-apartness, and its family includes qadosh, set apart, and miqdash, sanctuary. The day’s distinction is expressed both by gathering people and setting ordinary labor aside.
ALSO GROWS
qadosh: set apart
קָדוֹשׁ
The adjective names what bears the day’s distinction.
miqdash: sanctuary, a set-apart place
מִקְדָּשׁ
The same root marks a place as distinct, as this verse marks a day.
qodesh: set-apartness
קֹדֶשׁ
This is the quality named by “holy” in the verse.
THE PATTERN
Set-apart time interrupts ordinary labor to make room for the shared life of a people.
And in the first day there shall be an holy convocation, and in the seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you; no manner of work shall be done in them, save that which every man must eat, that only may be done of you.And he said unto them, The sabbath was made for man, and not man for the sabbath:There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God.THE THREAD
And call upon me in the day of trouble: I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify me.Numbers names the gathering miqra, from qara, “to call”; Psalm 50:15 uses that same root for calling upon God. The shared root lets the convocation be heard as a summoned people within a movement of call and response.
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