What Does Numbers 31:26 Mean in the King James?
Take the sum of the prey that was taken, both of man and of beast, thou, and Eleazar the priest, and the chief fathers of the congregation:
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
The Hebrew says to “lift the head” of the captured spoil, then names the congregation’s “heads” as overseers while human captives and animals remain in the same count.
THE MEANING
The verse names the counted group as captives and includes both humans and animals in that inventory. Moses, Eleazar, and the congregation’s elders oversee the count; its orderly procedure does not erase the human captivity. The repeated image of the head links the act of counting with the authority directing it.
WHAT THIS UNDOES
This is only a livestock count: the verse explicitly includes captive humans alongside animals in the counted spoil.
THE ROOT
הַשְּׁבִי
ha-shevi
GROWS FROM
שבה
sh-b-h
To capture or take captive.
The count is identified with captivity, and the verse places humans and animals within what has been captured. The language of inventory does not make the people free; the root keeps their captivity visible.
ALSO GROWS
shavah: To capture, take captive
שָׁבָה
This verb names the act behind the counted group.
shavui: A captive person
שְׁבוּי
This branch makes explicit that captivity includes people, not just seized goods.
שָׂא אֶת־רֹאשׁ
śāʾ ʾet-rōʾš
GROWS FROM
נשא
n-sh-ʾ
To lift, carry, or bear; here, “lift the head” is an idiom for counting.
The KJV’s “take the sum” carries the physical image of lifting a head to count. A few words later, the congregation’s “heads” oversee the count: the same Hebrew word, רֹאשׁ (rosh, head), joins the counting with the authority directing it.
ALSO GROWS
nasa: To lift, carry, bear
נָשָׂא
The command to count is framed as lifting, not as an abstract calculation.
massa: A load, burden
מַשָּׂא
The same root can describe what is carried, extending the image from lifting to bearing.
בָּאָדָם
ba’adam
GROWS FROM
אדם
a-d-m
Human; linked in Hebrew to אֲדָמָה (adamah), ground or soil.
“man” in this verse is ba’adam. The Hebrew term refers to humanity, and its kinship with adamah keeps the ground-being within the word. Here that human is counted beside the beast as part of the captured group.
ALSO GROWS
adam: Human being, humanity
אָדָם
This is the human term included in the inventory.
adamah: Ground, soil
אֲדָמָה
The shared word-shape links the human being to the ground from which humanity is formed.
THE PATTERN
Conquest turns captured lives and goods into countable, transferable spoil.
But the women, and the little ones, and the cattle, and all that is in the city, even all the spoil thereof, shalt thou take unto thyself; and thou shalt eat the spoil of thine enemies, which the LORD thy God hath given thee.And the booty, being the rest of the prey which the men of war had caught, was six hundred thousand and seventy thousand and five thousand sheep,And David took all the flocks and the herds, which they drave before those other cattle, and said, This is David’s spoil.THE THREAD
And divide the prey into two parts; between them that took the war upon them, who went out to battle, and between all the congregation:The next verse turns the count into a two-part division between the fighters and the congregation. It makes the purpose of the inventory explicit: the captured people and other spoils are being measured for distribution.
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