What Does Proverbs 10:3 Mean in the King James?
The LORD will not suffer the soul of the righteous to famish: but he casteth away the substance of the wicked.
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
The word rendered “substance” also carries the sense of desire or ruin: God sustains the aligned person’s living self while driving away what the wicked pursue.
THE MEANING
The LORD sustains the aligned person’s living self; the promise reaches the whole nephesh, the living person. What the wicked pursue is described with a word that also carries the sense of ruin, and the verse shows it being driven away.
WHAT THIS UNDOES
It undoes the idea that having more in hand guarantees life: the verse contrasts a sustained living soul with what the wicked pursue, a word that also holds the sense of desire and ruin.
THE ROOT
הַוַּת
hawwat
GROWS FROM
ה־ו־ה
h-w-h
A word family carrying the senses of desire or longing, and also ruin or calamity.
The word translated “substance” can carry both desire and ruin, so the contrast reaches beyond possessions. What the wicked pursue is not presented as secure nourishment; the verse says it is driven away.
ALSO GROWS
havvah: Desire, longing, or calamity
הַוָּה
Its range joins what a person craves with the ruin that can follow.
havvot: Calamities or ruins, a plural form of the same noun
הַוּוֹת
This form shows the word’s destructive sense, adding weight to the image of the wicked’s pursuit being thrust away.
נֶפֶשׁ
nephesh
GROWS FROM
נ־פ־שׁ
n-p-sh
The root carries the sense of being refreshed or restored; nephesh names the living person or self.
“soul” in this verse is nephesh. Nephesh is the living self that can hunger and be restored, not merely an inward feeling. Its word family lets the promise touch the person in life, whose need is real and whose life can be renewed.
ALSO GROWS
nephesh: Living soul, person, or self
נֶפֶשׁ
Here it names the living person whose hunger the LORD does not leave unmet.
naphash: Be refreshed or rested
נָפַשׁ
The related verb adds a note of restoration to the verse’s promise of sustenance.
nephesh chayyah: Living creature or living being
נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה
This phrase shows nephesh describing a living being, grounding the verse’s “soul” in life itself.
צַדִּיק
tsaddiq
GROWS FROM
צ־ד־ק
ts-d-q
Alignment, rightness, or justice.
The righteous person is described through a root of alignment. The verse joins that alignment to the sustaining of the whole living self.
ALSO GROWS
tsedeq: Alignment or rightness
צֶדֶק
It names the quality carried by the description of the righteous person.
tsedaqah: Justice or aligned action
צְדָקָה
This branch shows alignment expressed in how life is ordered and lived.
THE PATTERN
The LORD sustains the living self, while abundance apart from alignment cannot guarantee satisfaction.
The young lions do lack, and suffer hunger: but they that seek the LORD shall not want any good thing.The righteous eateth to the satisfying of his soul: but the belly of the wicked shall want.Consider the ravens: for they neither sow nor reap; which neither have storehouse nor barn; and God feedeth them: how much more are ye better than the fowls?THE THREAD
And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.Proverbs uses the same Hebrew word, nephesh, for the “soul” that can famish. Genesis calls the formed human a nephesh chayyah, a living being, so the promise concerns the living person, not an abstract inner fragment.
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