What Does Psalm 109:23 Mean in the King James?
I am gone like the shadow when it declineth: I am tossed up and down as the locust.
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
The Hebrew makes disappearance a motion: the shadow inclines out of view, then the speaker is shaken loose like a locust.
THE MEANING
You are pictured as slipping from view like a shadow as it tilts away, then as a locust being shaken by forces around you. The verse gives language to a self that feels both vanishing and unsteady.
THE ROOT
נִנְעַרְתִּי
ninʿarti
GROWS FROM
נָעַר
naʿar
shake, shake out, or shake loose
“tossed up and down” in this verse is ninʿarti. The form is passive: you are the one being shaken. This root also describes shaking out a garment or shaking a host loose, so the image carries the sense of being shaken free as well as tossed about.
ALSO GROWS
naʿartî: I shook out
נָעַרְתִּי
In Nehemiah 5:13, the speaker shakes out his lap; the same verb makes the motion of the locust concrete.
wayenaʿēr: and he shook off
וַיְנַעֵר
In Exodus 14:27, this verb describes the LORD shaking Egypt into the sea, showing how the root can picture a force being cast loose.
כִּנְטוֹתוֹ
ki-netoto
GROWS FROM
נָטָה
natah
stretch, incline, or turn
“declineth” in this verse is ki-netoto. The phrase pictures the shadow as it leans or stretches with the shifting light. The same root can describe extending a tent or inclining an ear, so the fading image retains a physical direction: something drawn out and turned.
ALSO GROWS
haṭṭēh: incline
הַטֵּה
Psalm 17:6 uses this form to ask that an ear be inclined; the root gives the shadow its sense of turning in a direction.
wayyēṭ: and he stretched out
וַיֵּט
In Genesis 12:8, this form describes pitching or extending a tent, echoing the shadow’s lengthening motion.
נֶהֱלָכְתִּי
nehelakhti
GROWS FROM
הָלַךְ
halakh
go or walk
The word translated “gone” is a motion verb: the speaker passes along with the shadow and out of view. Absence is pictured as movement through space.
ALSO GROWS
hōlēkh: going, walking
הוֹלֵךְ
This participle keeps the root’s motion present; here the speaker’s disappearance unfolds as movement.
mithallēkh: walking about
מִתְהַלֵּךְ
Genesis 3:8 uses this form for movement through a place, giving the verse’s “gone” a sense of passage rather than a fixed state.
THE PATTERN
The vulnerable self is pictured as transient motion: it passes like shade or vapor and can be shaken out of place.
My days are like a shadow that declineth; and I am withered like grass.He cometh forth like a flower, and is cut down: he fleeth also as a shadow, and continueth not.Whereas ye know not what shall be on the morrow. For what is your life? It is even a vapour, that appeareth for a little time, and then vanisheth away.THE THREAD
My days are like a shadow that declineth; and I am withered like grass.Both verses use the same shadow image and the root נָטָה (natah, “incline” or “stretch”) for its motion. Psalm 102 names days fading into shade; Psalm 109 makes the image personal, then adds the locust shaken loose.
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