What Does Psalm 78:66 Mean in the King James?
And he smote his enemies in the hinder parts: he put them to a perpetual reproach.
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
The enemies are driven behind, and the disgrace of their defeat stretches across the ages.
THE MEANING
When opposition confronts you, this verse pictures its force driven backward and its triumph recast as public shame. Its language is severe: God strikes the enemies and gives them disgrace that reaches across the ages.
WHAT THIS UNDOES
The verse undoes the belief that hostile power can keep advancing without consequence or remain untouched by exposure.
THE ROOT
אָחוֹר
ʾāḥôr
GROWS FROM
אחר
ʾ-ḥ-r
Behind, after, or later.
“hinder parts” in this verse is ʾāḥôr. English gives אָחוֹר (ʾāḥôr, behind) the sense of a location; the Hebrew also carries the direction of backward movement. The same root can describe what is behind and what comes after, so the strike sends the enemies behind and leaves their defeat as the aftermath.
ALSO GROWS
ʾaḥar: After
אַחַר
The defeat places the enemies behind what follows.
ʾaḥaron: Last, latter
אַחֲרוֹן
This branch also locates something at the back or at a later point.
עוֹלָם
ʿolam
GROWS FROM
עלם
ʿ-l-m
Age, ages; a span of time.
עוֹלָם (ʿolam, age or ages) gives the disgrace an age-spanning reach. The word opens “perpetual” into the image of shame carried through the ages.
ALSO GROWS
ləʿolam: For the age; age after age
לְעוֹלָם
This form expresses duration through an age or across successive ages.
ʿolamim: Ages
עוֹלָמִים
The plural makes the duration across ages explicit.
נָתַן
nātan
GROWS FROM
נתן
n-t-n
Give, set, place.
The Hebrew says that God “gave” them reproach; the KJV’s “put them to” carries that act of assigning. Disgrace is not merely what follows their defeat: it is given to them as its outcome.
ALSO GROWS
mattān: Gift
מַתָּן
This noun names something given, showing the root’s concrete sense of bestowal.
netinah: Giving, bestowal
נְתִינָה
This form names the act of giving that the verse uses for assigning reproach.
THE PATTERN
When hostile power is overcome, it is turned back and its claim is exposed to shame.
Let them be confounded and put to shame that seek after my soul: let them be turned back and brought to confusion that devise my hurt.Behold, all they that were incensed against thee shall be ashamed and confounded: they shall be as nothing; and they that strive with thee shall perish.And having spoiled principalities and powers, he made a shew of them openly, triumphing over them in it.THE THREAD
But the LORD is with me as a mighty terrible one: therefore my persecutors shall stumble, and they shall not prevail: they shall be greatly ashamed; for they shall not prosper: their everlasting confusion shall never be forgotten.Both verses join the defeat of persecutors with עוֹלָם (ʿolam, age or ages) and lasting disgrace. Jeremiah’s “everlasting confusion” makes the age-spanning shame in Psalm 78:66 visible again.
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