What Does Song of Solomon 4:12 Mean in the King James?
A garden inclosed is my sister, my spouse; a spring shut up, a fountain sealed.
The analysis reads the King James wording.
King James Version The King James Version, first published in 1611. Selah Verse shows the standard text.
THE KEY
The beloved is named as abundant and enclosed: a sealed spring is still full of water.
THE MEANING
You are pictured as a garden and a source of water, alive with abundance. Yet the same word for “locked” describes both the garden and the spring, holding desire and boundary together. Fullness does not mean unrestricted access.
WHAT THIS UNDOES
It undoes the belief that being desired means being available: the beloved is abundant and still enclosed.
THE ROOT
נָעוּל
naʿul
GROWS FROM
נעל
nʿl
To lock, close, or shut.
“inclosed; shut up” in this verse is naʿul. The verse uses the same word for the garden and the spring. English gives them two different phrases, while Hebrew repeats one: both the beloved and her source are held within a boundary.
ALSO GROWS
naʿal: To lock or shut.
נָעַל
This is the verb behind both enclosed images: the garden and the spring are each locked.
manʿul: A lock or bolt.
מַנְעוּל
The related noun makes the boundary tangible: the source is secured, not absent.
מַעְיָן
maʿyan
GROWS FROM
עין
ʿ-y-n
The word עַיִן means “eye”; עֵין also means “spring” or “source of water.”
The word for spring is formed from the same consonants as the word for eye. Hebrew holds a spring and an eye together as sources through which what is within comes forth; here, the spring is shut up, not dry.
ALSO GROWS
ʿayin: Eye.
עַיִן
The shared consonants link the water source to an opening through which sight emerges.
ʿein: Spring or source of water.
עֵין
This is the source-sense within “spring”: the enclosed place remains a source.
חָתוּם
ḥatum
GROWS FROM
חתם
ḥ-t-m
To seal or make secure with an identifying mark.
“sealed” in this verse is ḥatum. A seal closes something and marks it as secured. The fountain is not merely inaccessible; it is also distinctly marked as a source being kept.
ALSO GROWS
ḥotam: A signet or seal.
חוֹתָם
The signet closes while leaving an identifying impression, deepening the sense of protected distinction.
ḥatimah: A signature or sealing.
חֲתִימָה
The related word carries the idea of a seal that identifies what it secures.
THE PATTERN
A source can be enclosed and abundant at once; its boundary does not erase the life within.
A fountain of gardens, a well of living waters, and streams from Lebanon.And the LORD shall guide thee continually, and satisfy thy soul in drought, and make fat thy bones: and thou shalt be like a watered garden, and like a spring of water, whose waters fail not.But whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst; but the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water springing up into everlasting life.THE THREAD
A fountain of gardens, a well of living waters, and streams from Lebanon.The word מַעְיָן (maʿyan, “spring”) returns as “fountain.” What is sealed in 4:12 is then described as a well of living waters and streams: the boundary holds abundance, not emptiness.
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